Ethics And Its Impact On Society - 1281 Words

Crises are recurring events in human history, and some are less severe; others change legislations, world politics, our perception of the status quo, and people’s lives (Hasel 2013). Crisis dramatically change people’s lives leaving them fearing for their safety, struggling with unemployment, and losing faith in the status quo, including political (government) leadership (Hasel, 2013). In modern times, ethics in government have become not only something of great public interest, but also an important area of study in the academic fields of politics and government. Ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors (Makenricko, 2007). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken through the compliance prism of a set of values and standards defined at the level of society, for its own good (Brown, Trevino, Harrison, 2005, p. 120). In our daily lives we are constantly faced with important questions about what to do. Should I keep my promise or should I not? Should I report a lost wallet, or simply keep the money inside? Should I give to the panhandler or keep my change? Ethics, as a field of study, attempts to find principles and rules for answering such questions (Makenricko, 2007). Ethical behavior is the foundation of any professional organization and as such, should be a recurring theme in every thing we do. Even in government, people expect their elected and appointed officials to always to do what is right. Government officials have a ethicalShow MoreRelatedEthics And Its Impact On Society Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, broadly defined, is a set of values or principles established by society for its betterment. Many of these values and principles are incorporated into culture and law. Organizations today integrate ethics into the foundation of their businesses in order to augment the professional value and trustworthiness of their enterprise. Both public and private companies are expected to uphold certain ide als and internal controls for the benefit of their stakeholders. Operating with high virtues dictatesRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society1312 Words   |  6 Pages. A large part of ethics are biological in origin we,re social creative, and as such have had to develop instincts over the ages that allow us to cooperate in groups.This includes basic concepts such as a revulsion or at least hesitance toward homicide basic ideas like property rights, and the concept of justice and revenge, these are universals across all cultures. Some rare individuals may lack these fundamental ethics, but they are always unusual cases among their societies and are usually outcastRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society849 Words   |  4 PagesThis has been a fantastic class; ethics is something that we use continuously throughout the day. It challenges us at the very core of who we are and what we believe. We have seen that almost all disciplines in life from philosophers, educators and employe rs have been struggling to explain what defines us as human beings. Ethics is one of those disciplines that always seems to elude to having it all figured-out only to be challenged with a new set of problems. While most people want to adhere toRead MoreCodes Of Ethics And Its Impact On Society771 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. The practice of engineering has an inherent impact on society. So the values of an engineer should be taken very seriously as it is the values that defines his work. Engineers should first and foremost be aware of their values, if not; a list of values should be made by them based on their priorities. These values should be compared to their code of ethics to determine whether an individual’s values are right or wrong. Codes of ethics are adopted by different organizations to assist theRead MoreUtilitarian Ethics And Its Impact On Society1242 Words   |  5 PagesIn Utilitarian Ethics, Ted s actions should promote the largest number of happiness to his shareholders (Riley, 1990), which is Ted s family, Ted, his staffs and his customers. If Ted does not pay for the food inspector, his family will be affected negatively as they can no longer afford their way of life. For Ted himself, if the business reopened after the Queensland Health department food examined, his business reputation would be damaged and he would not have as many customers as he previouslyRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society, Ecosystem, And Wellbeing Of People And Environments1488 Words   |  6 PagesUsually the individuals from the civil engineering profession are blamed for a mixture of occasions that have adverse consequences for society, ecosystem, and wellbeing of people and environments. Most civil engineering codes of ethics worldwide exhort engineers to consciously place the general public interest specially others. So as to meet difficulties of the times, engineers must outfit themselves with both moral obligations and attention to the legal ramifications for the choices made throughoutRead MorePros And Cons Of Having A Professional Code Of Ethics1683 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of Having a Professional Code of Ethics Introduction A professional code of ethics acts as a guide concerning ethical conduct in a given profession. However, over time, it has been termed as an impediment to intellectual and moral developments. This way or another, there are advantages as well as disadvantages that emanate from applying the professional code of ethics depending on the context of practices. For this reason, this paper discusses both sides: positive and negative effectsRead MoreMoral Standars1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe moral standards approach is the approach that focuses on three dimensions of the impact of the proposed action: (1) whether it provides a net benefit to society; (2) whether it is fair to all stakeholders; and (3) whether it is right. The moral standards approach was developed by Professor Manuel Velasquez in 1992. Although some overlap some of the first approach, the focus is less company centred, and is better suited for the evaluation of the decisions where stakeholders are the ones who areRead More Feldman: Businesses as Social Agents742 Words   |  3 Pagesdownsizing activities geared towards the bottom-line forgets the impact of an active and extensive business enterprise to society - it employs, it enhances the market, in increases buying power. Current practices shrink the market and with lower employment, the buying power of society at large is impacted so that by tightening the purse strings, the likelihood of wealth creation is limited too. Once, Feldman (2012) descries that ethics, codes of conduct and mission and vision of companies were the

Man Ray s Life Style - 1447 Words

Man Ray Early Life Man Ray, was born Emmanuel Radnitzky (August 27,1890 - November 18, 1976), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. he was an accomplished American painter, filmmaker, sculptor, illustrator, Dadaist and Surrealist, and photographer. Being a Dadaist and Surrealist he was a huge contributor for the movement while it lasted. He was known for documenting the lavished life style in France. He spent most of his life living in France and America; he spent 42 years in America and 44 years in France. Man Ray was born the son of a Jewish immigrant family from Russia. Him and his family moved to Brooklyn, New York when he was young. It is said that in the early midst of 1912 The, Radnitzky family changed their surname to Ray. Emmanuel decided to use, â€Å"Man Ray.† Other sources say he changed it to. â€Å"â€Å"Man†, representing himself, and â€Å"Ray† represented of a ‘ray of light’ or ‘of the sun† (Fargler). In high school Emmanuel was awarded with a scholarship to study architecture at New York University, but did not accept the scholarship. His pursue of art led him to join the, Art students League, and Academy of Design. His work was very similar to Alfred Stieglitz (1864 – 1946) whom he was vary influenced by. In 1913 he visited Stieglitz modern art at 291 Gallery located in Midtown Manhattan. When older Man Ray would move to Ridgefield, New Jersey. From this time of Man Ray’s life, he was painting landscapes with brash, bright color palettes. In New Jersey Man Ray met a young ladyShow MoreRelatedSurvey of Art History778 Words   |  3 PagesSurvey of Art History II Man Ray like many other artists did not care to have his personal life shown in his art. He wanted to be viewed and recognized for his work which included sculptures, paintings, and photography. Man Ray was mostly influenced by Stieglitzs photographs. Man Ray used a similar style to Stieglitz. He captured images that created an unvarnished look at the photos subject. Man Ray discovered a new way to create his photos; by accident in his work room he discovered how toRead MoreWalk the Line1102 Words   |  5 PagesTheatre: Empire Theatres Date: 12/12/05 Time: 7:15 P.M. Walk the Line is a biographical film about the life and times of country s bad boy, Johnny Cash. The movie starts out midway through Cash s career at the legendary ‘Folsom Prison Concert of 1968. Before you see Cash perform at the prison you are whisked back to his childhood. It tells the story of his early days on his father s farm, and his days in the Air Force positioned over in Germany. When Cash returns from Germany his music careerRead MoreRay Bradbury s Writing Is Loved By Many, And Read By Students And Teachers Across The Globe1426 Words   |  6 Pages Ray Bradbury is a name most people know in the world today. Famous for his science fiction novels and short stories Ray Bradbury’s writing is loved by many, and read by students and teachers across the globe. Ray Bradbury was an american author. Born on august twenty second of nineteen twenty bradbury lived through many of the most important events in modern history. Bradbury recently died on the date of june fift h of two thousand twelve leaving behind his best literature. Though Bradbury wroteRead MoreThe Impact Of Ray Charles On American Culture1164 Words   |  5 Pages The impact that Ray Charles has had on American culture is nearly indescribable. Although unable to see, he was successful in making his artistic visions come to life by fusing the sounds of blues, gospel, jazz, and RB, making him one of the leading soul artists of the 1950s. The legendary musician is recognized for being a pillar in the industry, credited with making strides in desegregating musical genres. Although he composed many of his early hits, Charles is considered to be an interpreterRead MoreEssay about Ray Charles Robinson1095 Words   |  5 PagesRay Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson, more commonly known as Ray Charles (to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson), was born in the southern city of Albany, GA on September 23, 1930. He was a prolific, multi-talented singer, pianist, bandleader, and composer who, when on stage captivated his audience not only by his musical ability, but also because he was a blind, African American man. He was given the nickname â€Å"the Genius† for his capability of combining the musicRead MoreImpact of Rhythm and Blues on African-American Culture Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades in style and sound. Emerging in the late 1940s rhythm and blues, sometimes called jump blues, became dominant black popular music during and after WWII. Rhythm and blues artists often sung about love, relationships, life troubles, and sometimes focused on segregation and race struggles. Rhythm and blues helped embody what was unique about black American culture and validate it as something distinctive a nd valuable. The term â€Å"rhythm and blues† was coined in 1947 by a white man named JerryRead More`` Design Is For Living ``1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfresh start- two of the powerhouses were Charles and Ray Eames. The Eameses were a husband and wife team whose unique synergy led to a whole new expression in furniture and architecture. The couple advocated the principles of Modernism through the adaptation of innova ¬tion from wartime technology .Their design style can be branded as â€Å"California Modernism,† a term that is often used interchangeably with â€Å"Mid-Century Modernism.† This distinct style embodied an approach to design that opposed the â€Å"socialRead MoreCharles Crick And James Watson On The Structure Of The Complex Molecule Known As Dna Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscoveries were a direct result of the accumulation of many scientists’ earlier analyses and findings of the DNA. Before Watson and Crick had developed the double-helical stru cture of DNA, indication of this genetic material had been revealed around the 1850’s. During the century following the first evidence of DNA, subsequent researchers had been eagerly examining the physical and chemical components of this molecule. Moreover, scientists such as Erwin Chargaff and Linus Pauling established a scientific foundationRead MoreGreat Composers of the 19th Century1106 Words   |  5 PagesRay Charles Robinson and Steveland Hardaway Judkins are two of the most prolific composers of all times. Born and raised in the United States of America, they became legendary composers, singers, producers, and musicians of the 19th century. Their compositions were soulful in nature, and their styles ranged from rock and pop to blues and jazz. Ray Charles Robinson was known as The Pioneer of Rock Music. He influenced the lives of people worldwide, and he paved the way for various artists suchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Martian Chronicles 1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Work: The Martian Chronicles Author: Ray Bradbury Date of Publication: 1950 Genre: Novel Historical Information: The novel had taken place on the planet Mars. During the 1700s, telescopes were beginning to get popular, and more common used by astrologists to observer planets, such as mars. People from Earth believed that all the planets were inhabited by intelligent living things like humans. In the 1800’s people were certain there was intelligent life on Mars because Schiaparelli, an astronomer

Positive or Normative Accounting Theories †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Positive or Normative Accounting Theories. Answer: Introduction Theaccounting systems used by business organizations for preparing and disclosing their financial reports are developed through the application of theoretical concepts that have helped in developing most appropriate method for depicting an organizational performance. Theaccounting theories have been utilized in developing a standardized system that can be used for presentation of financial information to the stakeholders of a business entity (Whittington, 2007). In this context, the present essay discusses the contribution of PositiveAccounting Theory (PAT) and normativeaccounting theory (NAT) in development of accounting policies used for preparation of financial reports. The report also undertakes examination of the factors that led to the development of PAT accounting policy choice. The report also presents a discussion relating to the application of normative or positive theories in developing of accounting standards by providing the justification of the choice selected. Difference between (PAT) and normative accounting theory (NAT) and the factors that led to the development of PAT accounting policy choice The positive accounting theory (PAT) was developed by Watts and Zimmerman in 1970s to provide an explanation of the reality of accounting practices. The theory seeks to provide an explanation of the accounting choices of the firms through examining the real world situations. The theory examines the real transactions happening in the world for gaining an understanding of the accounting practices of the businesses. The theory since its establishment was believed to be based on the principle of economics and thus regarded to be appropriate for providing an explanation to the practical accounting problems. The theoretical concepts of the PAT model are utilized by the companies in preparing financial documents such as balance sheet or cash flow statements. Thus, the theory was believed to provide an adequate explanation of economic consequences of the accounting choices made by the business firms (Ghanbari et al., 2016). The theory emphasizes on examining the economic statistics for deriving a valid conclusion based on the data collected and analyzed. The theory seeks to provide an explanation to the past, current and future financial events through the application of real world practices. For example, the theory is used for gaining an understanding of the net loss occurring in a company through comparing the actual revenue to actual expenses on an annual basis. Also, the theory proves to be effective in gaining an understanding of the increase in shareholder dividend by a company at the end of a financial year due to its increased growth and profitability. The theory by proving an explanation of the past and current financial situations of a company tries to predict its accounting practices in the future context (Petitt et al., 2014). On the other hand, Normative Accounting Theory (NAT) is purely subjective and is mainly used for providing value judgment for resolving a complex accounting issue. The value judgment provided by the normative accounting theories is mainly based on the ground of morality and ethics. The theory of NAT undertakes a different approach as compared to PAT model as it intends to provide suggestions to the accountants on the basis of theoretical principle and does not integrate the application of real world accounting practices. As such, the model of NAT finds application in accounting context at the time of establishing future economic policies such as developing mission statement or marketing strategies. Thus, it can be said that the concept advocated by normative accounting practices are mainly used at the time of developing the aims and objectives that a company want to achieve in the future period of time. For example, the theory of NAT is mainly used for indicating the amount of money to be invested by a company for enhancing its business growth (Wolk et al., 2008). The main difference between NAT and PAT model is on the basis of different approaches used at the time of their development. The normative accounting theory adopt a deductive approach in providing an explanation to the accounting practices as it initiates with a theoretical principle and deduces to the development of specific policies. On the contrary, PAT model adopts inductive approach that initiates with application of specific policies and then reaching to the generalization of higher-level principles. The theory of positive accounting is very practical and hence is mainly used for achieving the practical based aims and objectives of accounting researches. However, the theory of normative accounting is purely subjective and thus not regarded to be very useful in resolving the practical based accounting issues (Whittington, 2007). The accounting field initially mainly incorporates the theoretical views and principle advocated by the normative accounting theory in providing an explanation to the accounting practices. However, the theory mainly faced criticism as it seems to be inappropriate in selection of an accounting principal to be used in resolving a complex accounting problem. For example, at the time of doing a contract, the practice of normative accounting does not help in providing a solution for the income and cost arising from the contract to be assessed immediately, over time or as a lump sum in future (Tehrani et al., 2009). Thus, the accountants are not able to achieve an appropriate answer for this accounting issue which of the above mentioned option should be used or a combination of all the above three to be applied. Thus, as the theory is purely subjective on nature it was not regarded to be appropriate in resolving scientific based accounting problems. Thus, all these factors lead to the esta blishment of Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) model to successfully resolve the practical accounting problems. The model incorporates the use of statistically based hypothesis testing for achieving a valid answer for the accounting problems. The method begins with examination of the current accounting processes of a business firm and thus making quantitative predictions on the basis of analysis. The predictions are statistical tested through the help of hypothesis development that help in achieving the most suitable answer for accounting problem (Setyorini and Ishak, 2012). Positive or Normative Accounting Theories to be used at the time of developing Accounting Standards The accounting theories were largely used for developing the accounting standards and principles used for preparation of financial statements of business entities. The theory of positive accounting was mainly established in order to fulfill the current weakness analyzed from the normative accounting theory. The theory regarded to be useful in gaining an understanding of the social context of accounting choices made by different companies was used largely by the accountants in developing financial statements. However, there is increasing debate regarding the usefulness of positive accounting theory in developing standard accounting policies to be used worldwide by business entities. The accounting theorists have stated that there has not been the development of an accounting theory till data that is able to create standard-setting process and principle in accounting. The accounting theorists have illustrated various drawbacks present in the positive accounting theory on the basis of w hich it is refereed to be unable to develop standard accounting principles. The main objective of accounting theories developed was to provide standard set of principles and conventions that helps in analyzing the accounting operations of business companies. The theory of NAT was regarded to be inappropriate in the basis of its subjective nature that leads to the development of PAT model. The PAT model was based to be developed on the principles of natural science and economics and thus was utilized largely for the development of financial statements by business firms (Ghanbari et al., 2016). However, the accounting theorists have pointed out various deficiencies in the current PAT model used by accountants for analyzing the problems pertaining in the accounting field. The main drawback of the theory as argued by the accounts is that it only helps in providing an explanation to the actual accounting practices but does not provide suggestions for improving the current accounting practices. Also, relative no development in the accounting model of PAT farer its mergence also raises questions on the reliability of this accounting model. The accountants have stated that the theory of PAT is not able to resolve successfully the contemporary accounting issues. The PAT model is mainly based on the following three hypotheses that are, debit hypothesis, the bonus-plan hypothesis and the political cost hypothesis. However, all of the above three hypothesis does not have scientific support and are falsified and thus cannot be used in the model of PAT. Thus, the theory is criticized o n the basis of all the above stated current deficiencies that make it ineffective in maintaining the objectivity of accounting researches (Bazrafshan and Talebnia, 2016). Thus, it can be said there are some deficiencies present in both the positive and normative accounting theories and therefore they are not helpful in development of a standard setting accounting rules and principles. The accountants can integrate both the theories in development of standard accounting principles as the deficiencies of one theory can be overcome by the application of other. Both the theoretical models of NAT and PAT complement each other as the weaknesses of one can be fulfilled by the other. The theory of positive accounting is very practical while normative is entirely theoretical as such the concepts of both the theories can be used in development of accounting concepts that are practical as well as principles. The accounting theorists have argued that financial policies developed through the use of normative accounting practices should be based on financial realities achieved from implementing positive accounting practices. The theory of positive accounting can he lp in understanding the reality of accounting statements while normative theory can be used in developing appropriate accounting standards. The accounting researches need to integrate the views and opinions of both the theoretical models for development of a standard-setting process that help in the establishment of accounting principles (Boland and Gordon, 2010). Therefore, it can be stated that accounting theories of positive and normative can be used in developing conceptual framework of accounting that helps in evaluation and analysis of accounting practices. The theories of normative and positive of applied in combination will help in developing qualitative and quantitative approaches for developing effective accounting and financial reporting standards. The adoption of both the theoretical and practical approaches will help in development of standard principles that will provide both qualitative and quantitative disclosure of financial information to the end-users. The quantitative approach will help in ensuring that accounting information disclosed is relevant, reliable, comparable and consistent while qualitative approach will ensure that financial statements have adhered to the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Mahmmod and Al- Kassar, 2015). The development of PAT after the establishment of NAT was regarded to be highly successful in development of accounting setting principles and standards. However, with the illustration of several current deficiencies in the PAT model, accounting theorists are now emphasizing on the development of better theoretical models that can be applied in development of both quantitative and qualitative accounting principles and standards. The current accounting practices developed through the application of concepts of positive and normative theories and thus both the theories should be used in combination for development of standard-setting accounting process (CTI Reviews, 2016). Conclusion The overall discussion held in the report inferred that both the theoretical models of positive and normative have deficiencies that limit their applicability in development of accounting standard-setting process. There exist large difference between the theoretical models of normative and positive and the deficiencies of one theory can be fulfilled by the other theory. Thus, the report has proposed that both the theoretical models should be used in combination for development of accounting-standard principles and procedures. The positive accounting theory will help in developing a practical approach for examining financial reports while normative theory will help in establishing of theoretical principles on the basis of which financial reports are developed. References Bazrafshan, M., and Talebnia, G. 2016. Challenges Positive Accounting Theory. International Journal of Basic Sciences Applied Research 5(2), 119-122. Boland, L. A., and Gordon, I. M. 2010. Criticizing positive accounting theory. Contemporary Accounting Research 9(1), pp. 142 170. CTI Reviews. 2016. Earnings Management, Emerging Insights in Theory, Practice, and Research: Business, Business. Cram101 Textbook Reviews. Ghanbari, M. et al. 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 10(2), pp. 177-182. Mahmmod, H. T., and Al- Kassar, T. A. 2015. Analytical study of the effectiveness of use of normative and Positive in the area of affirmative theorizing about Accounting. European Centre for Research Training and Development 3(1), pp.30-45. Petitt, B. S. et al. 2014. A Pragmatic Look at Valuation (Collection). FT Press. Setyorini, C. T., and Ishak, Z. 2012. Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure: A Positive Accounting Theory. International Journal of Business and Social Science 3(9), pp. 152-164. Tehrani, R. et al. 2009. The Survey of the political Costs and Firm Size: Case from Iran. Business Intelligence Journal 2(2), pp. 139-142. Whittington, G. 2007. Profitability, Accounting Theory and Methodology: The Selected Essays of Geoffrey Whittington. Routledge. Wolk, H. I., Dodd, J. L., and Rozycki, J. J. 2008. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

Renaissance and Early Modern Philosophy Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Renaissance-Means metempsychosis. and was a clip in Italy where art and acquisition was revived. Humanism-An rational motion in Renaissance Italy that focused on human potency and accomplishments. Secular-World non religious and were concerned approximately now. which mad up the most portion of Renaissance Italy. Patrons-People who supported creative persons in Renaissance Italy. such as the Church and affluent Merchants. who spent money on art to fancify Italy. Perspective-A manner of art that that shows 3 dimensions of a level surface used my many in Renaissance Italy. Vernacular-A native linguistic communication to Dante who wrote in common alternatively of Latin in Renaissance Italy. 3. In the Renaissance times a Renaissance adult female was supposed to get married a strong adult male. be loyal to her hubby and give birth to merely boys. While a Renaissance adult male. had to be good educated. hold cultural grace. understand assorted humanistic disciplines and scientific disciplines. and of class had to hold been a gentleman. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance and Early Modern Philosophy Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Italy’s metropoliss helped do it the place of birth of the Renaissance because the humanists in Florence Italy wanted to hold a metempsychosis of art and literature. Which cause many creative person and authors to flock to Florence Italy. 5. The attitude of church leaders and the affluent toward the humanistic disciplines was really encouraging and positive because they would pass immense amounts of money for the humanistic disciplines to fancify Italy. They so became frequenters of the humanistic disciplines by financially back uping creative persons. 8. The differences between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in the attitude toward worldly pleasures the Middle Ages focused chiefly the life after decease in Heaven. However the Renaissance is based on this life and pleasance and success merely in this life. non believing about the hereafter.